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| TRAVEL GUIDE Sril Lanka |
Brief Guide to Sri Lanka |
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Country Location |
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| A tear-drop shaped island, Sri Lanka is separated from the tip of India by a mere 42 km of sea, known as the Palk Strait. This channel is so shallow that ships cannot pass through. The island is located between 5? 55' and 9? 55' latitude north of the equator and 79? 42' and 81? 52' longitude. It has an area of 65,600 sq. km, roughly the size of Holland and Belgium put together or, half the size of England without Wales. It has a length of 445 km and breadth of 225 km at the widest points. |
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About Country |
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Sri Lanka is a wonderful country full of mystery and amaze. Explore the beauty of Sri Lanka with one of our exploring tours.
Known to travelers from ancient times, Sri Lanka continues to entice visitors with its breathtaking scenery, palm-skirted beaches, cool hill country and historic monuments. Sri Lanka is one of the smallest land masses on earth to be full of such an amazing variety of experiences for the traveler. Tropical forests harbor pristine wildlife sanctuaries, significant Buddhist relics and religious monuments are found in the undulating highlands while deserted golden sand beaches make up the southern coast.
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Country Special |
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Ayubowan and welcome to Sri Lanka. Ceylon or Sri Lanka has its now known has been a preferred holiday destination from the time of the Arabian spice traders. Warm sandy beaches with calm clear water give way to majestic mountains and lush tea plantations rising out of the hill country. Some of the worlds engineering marvels like Sigiriya and the Anuradhapura ancient cities are all part of Sri Lanka. Small surprise that Marco Polo himself called it the finest island of its size in the world.
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Attractions |
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COLOMBO |
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Most of the city of Colombo's commercial and wholesale activities take place in the colourful bazaars of Pettah. Fort is the economic hub of the country and many offices and important government buildings are located here. |
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GALLE |
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The port town of Galle is Sri Lanka's fourth biggest town with 80,000 people. In 1505, a Portuguese fleet bound for Maldives blew off course, forcing them to take shelter in the Galle Harbour. The events which followed, drastically changed the course of Sri Lankan history. In 1598, the Portuguese built a small fort which was later extended. However, when the Dutch took over in 1640, they destroyed all traces of Portuguese presence. In 1663, the Dutch built the 36-hectare Fort, which is now a World Heritage Site. |
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KANDY |
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Kandy is the famous city of Sinhala history, culture, religion and pageantry. The Kandyan Kingdom was the last independent state in Sri Lanka. It withstood the onslaught of three invading European armies for over two centuries. Kandy can be explored on foot, with the higher altitude making the climate conducive to long walks. The city is visually rich with its narrow streets lined with old buildings full of character, and crowded with people. The Municipal Market has colourful displays of fruit and vegetables, textiles and clothing. The shady path surrounding the lake provides a view of the hills and the town. The last Sinhalese King created the lake in 1806. The Temple of the Tooth houses the most sacred Buddhist relic, the Tooth of Lord Buddha. A nightlong ceremony to honour the God Kohomba became the focus of a style of dance perfected in Kandy under royal patronage. The religious performances require about 50 male dancers dressed in silver belts, beaded breastplates, anklets and headdresses jangling as they swirl and skip to the rhythm of 10 drums. Today, the Kandyan dances are often performed by women, and tend to emphasise the graceful rather than the acrobatic elements of the dance. Peradeniya Botanical Gardens is a 60 hectare (147 acre) garden and is the largest in Sri Lanka. Ideal for walkers, you can also bike or drive through it.
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MATARA |
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It is a lively town with a historic background. Matara has a Dutch Fort called the Star Fort and an 18th century Dutch rampart that was built to protect the Dutch East Trading Company's administrative buildings. This rampart now effectively acts as a boundary to the Old Matara, which is quiet and picturesque. |
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RATNAPURA |
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The city of gems is 101 km (63 miles) from Colombo. It is situated in the 'low-country', among tea and rubber estates and paddy fields. The gem museum and gem mines are a special attraction here. Precious and semi-precious stones found here include: Alexandrite, Amethyst, Aquamarine, Blue Sapphire, Cat's Eye, Crystal, Garnet, Moonstone, Ruby, Star Sapphire, Topaz, Zircon. |
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NUWARA ELIYA |
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The beauty of Nuwara Eliya is breathtaking. The early British settlers favoured its mountainous landscape, cascading waterfalls and sleepy towns nestling into the mountainside. The abundant rainfall, sunshine, cold nights and mists provide the perfect climate for growing tea. As you climb higher the air grows cooler and the clouds get closer. This is one of the best holiday resorts with the most picturesque golf course in Asia. |
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SINHARAJA FOREST RESERVE - 'World Heritage Site' |
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This is Sri Lanka's oldest rainforest. The forest has tall trees growing in close proximity, but winding paths make it easy to walk along the forest floor. It is inhabited by water monitors, torque macaques, leopards, giant squirrels, purple-faced leaf monkeys and leeches. Bird life includes Ceylon Spurfowl, Ceylon Junglefowl, Ceylon Wood Pigeon, Sri Lanka Hanging Parrot, Layard's Parakeet, Red-faced Malkoha, Green-billed Coucal, Chestnut-backed Owlet, Ceylon Grey Hornbill, Yellow-fronted Barbet, Ceylon Small Barbet, Black-capped Bulbul, Spotted-winged Thrush, Brown-capped Babbler, Orange-billed Babbler, Ashy-headed Laughing-Thrush, Ceylon Blue Magpie, Ceylon White-headed Starling, Ceylon Hill Munia, Ceylon Hill Myna, Malabar Trogon, Black Bulbul, Indian Scimitar Babbler, Greater Racket-tailed Drongo, Green Imperial Pigeon, Velvet-fronted Nuthatch and Yellow-browned Bulbul.
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ANCIENT CITIES - ANURADHAPURA - 'World Heritage Site' |
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Located in the North-Central part of the island, Anuradhapura was originally founded by a King's minister named Anuradha in 500 BC. Anuradhapura is acclaimed as the greatest monastic city of the ancient world and has served as the royal capital of 113 kings. In 1073, Anuradhapura was fought over and abandoned when the capital was moved to Polonnaruwa. Explorers re-discovered the crumbling ruins in the 19th Century and an effort to restore and re-build this city has since begun. It is an important historical and archaeological site and continues to attract both Sri Lankan and foreign visitors as well as pilgrims. |
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Dambulla - 'World Heritage Site' Dating back to the 1st Century BC, this is the most impressive cave temple in Sri Lanka. It has five caves under a vast overhanging rock, carved with a drip line to keep the interiors dry. In 1938 the architecture was embellished with arched colonnades and gabled entrances. Inside the caves, the ceilings are painted with intricate patterns of religious images, following the contours of the rock. There are images of the Lord Buddha and bodhisattvas, as well as various gods and goddesses. |
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Sigiriya - 'World Heritage Site' Sigiriya was created by King Kasyapa who reigned between 477-495 AD. The summit of this almost inaccessible rock is 180 m (600 ft) above the surrounding jungle, and was the setting for a courtly paradise of elegant pavilions amid gardens and pools. The rock was transformed into a recumbent lion by the addition of a brick-built head and foreparts of which only the paws remain. The rock's natural defences were augmented by broad moats and stone perimeter walls. In the event of an enemy approach, the outer moat was built so as to flood the entire area between the two moats. |
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PINNAWELA ELEPHANT ORPHANAGE |
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The orphanage is a government run sanctuary for elephants. Baby elephants that have been abandoned or injured in the wild are brought, reared and trained here to eventually become working animals. The best times to visit are feeding and bathing times. |
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Flora and Fauna |
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A large variety of mammals, reptiles and birds make up the rich wildlife of Sri Lanka. You can explore our wildlife sanctuary parks in Yala, Udawalawe, Sinharaja, Udawattekele and Wasgamuwa.
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Mammals of Sri Lanka - wildlife in Sri Lanka |
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There are 86 mammals found in Sri Lanka. Out of these, 16 are endemic to the island. The Sri Lankan elephant holds a special place in the animal kingdom. One often meets elephant herds in parks such as Gal Oya and Udawalawe.
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Other exotic creatures found commonly are: Anteater, Barking Deer, Buffalo, Civet Cat, Elk, Fishing Cat, Giant Squirrel, Hog, Jackal, Jungle Cat, Leopard, Loris, Mongoose, Mouse Deer, Porcupine, Rusty Spotted Cat, Sambhur, Sloth Bear, Spotted Deer and Wild Boar. |
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There are many varieties of monkeys in Sri Lanka, including: The Red-faced Macaque, Grey Langur, Purple-faced Leaf Monkey (the Bear-Monkey) and Shaggy Bear-Monkey are some of the endemic monkeys. |
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Fish, Frog and Reptiles in Sri Lanka Sri Lanka has 54 species of fish, most of which are marsh and river-dwelling varieties. The beautiful Carplet group comprises the 14 endemic species. These are restricted to the perennial wet-zone streams. The Rainbow and Brown Trout are found in the cold, clear waters of the 7000 ft. high Horton Plains. |
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There are 38 species of amphibia found in Sri Lanka. Out of these, 16 are unique to the island. Nannophyrs, an endemic genus, is found in the Hill Country. From the large variety of reptiles found here, 75 of them are endemic. The Saltwater Crocodile, Star Tortoise, Leatherback Turtle, Rock Python, Water Monitor and Land Lizard. Five of the 83 species of snake found here are lethal. These are the: Cobra, Russell's Viper, Indian Krait, Ceylon Krait and Saw-scaled Viper. |
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Sri Lankan Birds and Butterflies |
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Sri Lanka has recorded more than 468 species of birds. There are a total of 339 species found in Sri Lanka and a further 169 species of migrant birds. Siberian, Scandinavian and Western European birds such as Sandpipers, Stilts, Plovers, Tern and Kites fly over and settle along the lagoons and salterns of the Eastern, North-Western and South-Eastern coasts around mid August.
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There are 26 species of endemic birds. These are: Ceylon Spurfowl, Ceylon Junglefowl, Ceylon Wood Pigeon, Ceylon Lorikeet, Layard's Parakeet, Red-faced Malkoha, Green-billed Coucal, Chestnut-backed Owlet, Ceylon Grey Hornbill, Yellow-fronted Barbet, Ceylon Small Barbet, Black-capped Bulbul, Yellow-eared Bulbul, Ceylon Whistling Thrush, Spotted-winged Thrush, Ceylon Warbler, Dusky-blue Flycatcher, Brown-capped Babbler, Ceylon Rufous Babbler, Ashy-headed laughingThrush, Legge's Flowerpecker, Ceylon Hill White-eye, Ceylon Blue Magpie, Ceylon White-headed Starling, Ceylon Hill Myna and Ceylon Hill Munia. |
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Most of the 242 species of butterflies in Sri Lanka are found in the lower foothills (about 3000 feet above sea-level). About 6 species live at an elevation of 4000 ft. In March-April a spectacular seasonal migration occurs. |
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BEACH RESORTS |
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Negombo |
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Negombo is famous for its lagoon, cinnamon and fishing. It is a bustling town where many interesting historical events took place. Its beach however, does not boast the same fineness as the other Sri Lankan beaches. Nevertheless, this is a fascinating town for exploration.
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Bentota |
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The Bentota seas are ideal for snorkelling, sailing, wind surfing, water skiing and deep-sea fishing. This area is populated with a large number of hotels and guesthouses along the coast.
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Hikkaduwa |
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The Hikkaduwa surfing and diving scene is popular with the tourists because of its atmosphere. There are also a large number of beach restaurants, bars and shops.
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Kalutara |
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Renowned for its mangosteens and basketwear, Kalutara got its name from 'Kalu Ganga' or 'Black River' and was once a busy spice port. As you cross the bridge you see the Buddhist temple, Gangatilaka Vehera built in the 1960s. It is the only hollow dagaba in the world and the interior painting is fascinating.
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Trincomalee |
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| It is one of the largest and best-sheltered harbours in the world located on the East Coast of Sri Lanka. Its warm, clear water and tranquil beach make for solitude and breathtaking scenery. A special attraction are the natural hot springs. |
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Unawatuna |
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Unawatuna is a small beach resort overlooking the Unawatuna Bay. It has golden beaches, clear, calm waters and an offshore reef ideal for younger tourists who frequent its beach front cafes and guest houses. |
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